1/* 2 * linux/arch/alpha/kernel/osf_sys.c 3 * 4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds 5 */ 6 7/* 8 * This file handles some of the stranger OSF/1 system call interfaces. 9 * Some of the system calls expect a non-C calling standard, others have 10 * special parameter blocks.. 11 */ 12 13#include <linux/errno.h> 14#include <linux/sched.h> 15#include <linux/kernel.h> 16#include <linux/mm.h> 17#include <linux/smp.h> 18#include <linux/stddef.h> 19#include <linux/syscalls.h> 20#include <linux/unistd.h> 21#include <linux/ptrace.h> 22#include <linux/user.h> 23#include <linux/utsname.h> 24#include <linux/time.h> 25#include <linux/timex.h> 26#include <linux/major.h> 27#include <linux/stat.h> 28#include <linux/mman.h> 29#include <linux/shm.h> 30#include <linux/poll.h> 31#include <linux/file.h> 32#include <linux/types.h> 33#include <linux/ipc.h> 34#include <linux/namei.h> 35#include <linux/uio.h> 36#include <linux/vfs.h> 37#include <linux/rcupdate.h> 38#include <linux/slab.h> 39 40#include <asm/fpu.h> 41#include <asm/io.h> 42#include <asm/uaccess.h> 43#include <asm/sysinfo.h> 44#include <asm/thread_info.h> 45#include <asm/hwrpb.h> 46#include <asm/processor.h> 47 48/* 49 * Brk needs to return an error. Still support Linux's brk(0) query idiom, 50 * which OSF programs just shouldn't be doing. We're still not quite 51 * identical to OSF as we don't return 0 on success, but doing otherwise 52 * would require changes to libc. Hopefully this is good enough. 53 */ 54SYSCALL_DEFINE1(osf_brk, unsigned long, brk) 55{ 56 unsigned long retval = sys_brk(brk); 57 if (brk && brk != retval) 58 retval = -ENOMEM; 59 return retval; 60} 61 62/* 63 * This is pure guess-work.. 64 */ 65SYSCALL_DEFINE4(osf_set_program_attributes, unsigned long, text_start, 66 unsigned long, text_len, unsigned long, bss_start, 67 unsigned long, bss_len) 68{ 69 struct mm_struct *mm; 70 71 mm = current->mm; 72 mm->end_code = bss_start + bss_len; 73 mm->start_brk = bss_start + bss_len; 74 mm->brk = bss_start + bss_len; 75#if 0 76 printk("set_program_attributes(%lx %lx %lx %lx)\n", 77 text_start, text_len, bss_start, bss_len); 78#endif 79 return 0; 80} 81 82/* 83 * OSF/1 directory handling functions... 84 * 85 * The "getdents()" interface is much more sane: the "basep" stuff is 86 * braindamage (it can't really handle filesystems where the directory 87 * offset differences aren't the same as "d_reclen"). 88 */ 89#define NAME_OFFSET offsetof (struct osf_dirent, d_name) 90 91struct osf_dirent { 92 unsigned int d_ino; 93 unsigned short d_reclen; 94 unsigned short d_namlen; 95 char d_name[1]; 96}; 97 98struct osf_dirent_callback { 99 struct dir_context ctx; 100 struct osf_dirent __user *dirent; 101 long __user *basep; 102 unsigned int count; 103 int error; 104}; 105 106static int 107osf_filldir(struct dir_context *ctx, const char *name, int namlen, 108 loff_t offset, u64 ino, unsigned int d_type) 109{ 110 struct osf_dirent __user *dirent; 111 struct osf_dirent_callback *buf = 112 container_of(ctx, struct osf_dirent_callback, ctx); 113 unsigned int reclen = ALIGN(NAME_OFFSET + namlen + 1, sizeof(u32)); 114 unsigned int d_ino; 115 116 buf->error = -EINVAL; /* only used if we fail */ 117 if (reclen > buf->count) 118 return -EINVAL; 119 d_ino = ino; 120 if (sizeof(d_ino) < sizeof(ino) && d_ino != ino) { 121 buf->error = -EOVERFLOW; 122 return -EOVERFLOW; 123 } 124 if (buf->basep) { 125 if (put_user(offset, buf->basep)) 126 goto Efault; 127 buf->basep = NULL; 128 } 129 dirent = buf->dirent; 130 if (put_user(d_ino, &dirent->d_ino) || 131 put_user(namlen, &dirent->d_namlen) || 132 put_user(reclen, &dirent->d_reclen) || 133 copy_to_user(dirent->d_name, name, namlen) || 134 put_user(0, dirent->d_name + namlen)) 135 goto Efault; 136 dirent = (void __user *)dirent + reclen; 137 buf->dirent = dirent; 138 buf->count -= reclen; 139 return 0; 140Efault: 141 buf->error = -EFAULT; 142 return -EFAULT; 143} 144 145SYSCALL_DEFINE4(osf_getdirentries, unsigned int, fd, 146 struct osf_dirent __user *, dirent, unsigned int, count, 147 long __user *, basep) 148{ 149 int error; 150 struct fd arg = fdget(fd); 151 struct osf_dirent_callback buf = { 152 .ctx.actor = osf_filldir, 153 .dirent = dirent, 154 .basep = basep, 155 .count = count 156 }; 157 158 if (!arg.file) 159 return -EBADF; 160 161 error = iterate_dir(arg.file, &buf.ctx); 162 if (error >= 0) 163 error = buf.error; 164 if (count != buf.count) 165 error = count - buf.count; 166 167 fdput(arg); 168 return error; 169} 170 171#undef NAME_OFFSET 172 173SYSCALL_DEFINE6(osf_mmap, unsigned long, addr, unsigned long, len, 174 unsigned long, prot, unsigned long, flags, unsigned long, fd, 175 unsigned long, off) 176{ 177 unsigned long ret = -EINVAL; 178 179#if 0 180 if (flags & (_MAP_HASSEMAPHORE | _MAP_INHERIT | _MAP_UNALIGNED)) 181 printk("%s: unimplemented OSF mmap flags %04lx\n", 182 current->comm, flags); 183#endif 184 if ((off + PAGE_ALIGN(len)) < off) 185 goto out; 186 if (off & ~PAGE_MASK) 187 goto out; 188 ret = sys_mmap_pgoff(addr, len, prot, flags, fd, off >> PAGE_SHIFT); 189 out: 190 return ret; 191} 192 193struct osf_stat { 194 int st_dev; 195 int st_pad1; 196 unsigned st_mode; 197 unsigned short st_nlink; 198 short st_nlink_reserved; 199 unsigned st_uid; 200 unsigned st_gid; 201 int st_rdev; 202 int st_ldev; 203 long st_size; 204 int st_pad2; 205 int st_uatime; 206 int st_pad3; 207 int st_umtime; 208 int st_pad4; 209 int st_uctime; 210 int st_pad5; 211 int st_pad6; 212 unsigned st_flags; 213 unsigned st_gen; 214 long st_spare[4]; 215 unsigned st_ino; 216 int st_ino_reserved; 217 int st_atime; 218 int st_atime_reserved; 219 int st_mtime; 220 int st_mtime_reserved; 221 int st_ctime; 222 int st_ctime_reserved; 223 long st_blksize; 224 long st_blocks; 225}; 226 227/* 228 * The OSF/1 statfs structure is much larger, but this should 229 * match the beginning, at least. 230 */ 231struct osf_statfs { 232 short f_type; 233 short f_flags; 234 int f_fsize; 235 int f_bsize; 236 int f_blocks; 237 int f_bfree; 238 int f_bavail; 239 int f_files; 240 int f_ffree; 241 __kernel_fsid_t f_fsid; 242}; 243 244struct osf_statfs64 { 245 short f_type; 246 short f_flags; 247 int f_pad1; 248 int f_pad2; 249 int f_pad3; 250 int f_pad4; 251 int f_pad5; 252 int f_pad6; 253 int f_pad7; 254 __kernel_fsid_t f_fsid; 255 u_short f_namemax; 256 short f_reserved1; 257 int f_spare[8]; 258 char f_pad8[90]; 259 char f_pad9[90]; 260 long mount_info[10]; 261 u_long f_flags2; 262 long f_spare2[14]; 263 long f_fsize; 264 long f_bsize; 265 long f_blocks; 266 long f_bfree; 267 long f_bavail; 268 long f_files; 269 long f_ffree; 270}; 271 272static int 273linux_to_osf_stat(struct kstat *lstat, struct osf_stat __user *osf_stat) 274{ 275 struct osf_stat tmp = { 0 }; 276 277 tmp.st_dev = lstat->dev; 278 tmp.st_mode = lstat->mode; 279 tmp.st_nlink = lstat->nlink; 280 tmp.st_uid = from_kuid_munged(current_user_ns(), lstat->uid); 281 tmp.st_gid = from_kgid_munged(current_user_ns(), lstat->gid); 282 tmp.st_rdev = lstat->rdev; 283 tmp.st_ldev = lstat->rdev; 284 tmp.st_size = lstat->size; 285 tmp.st_uatime = lstat->atime.tv_nsec / 1000; 286 tmp.st_umtime = lstat->mtime.tv_nsec / 1000; 287 tmp.st_uctime = lstat->ctime.tv_nsec / 1000; 288 tmp.st_ino = lstat->ino; 289 tmp.st_atime = lstat->atime.tv_sec; 290 tmp.st_mtime = lstat->mtime.tv_sec; 291 tmp.st_ctime = lstat->ctime.tv_sec; 292 tmp.st_blksize = lstat->blksize; 293 tmp.st_blocks = lstat->blocks; 294 295 return copy_to_user(osf_stat, &tmp, sizeof(tmp)) ? -EFAULT : 0; 296} 297 298static int 299linux_to_osf_statfs(struct kstatfs *linux_stat, struct osf_statfs __user *osf_stat, 300 unsigned long bufsiz) 301{ 302 struct osf_statfs tmp_stat; 303 304 tmp_stat.f_type = linux_stat->f_type; 305 tmp_stat.f_flags = 0; /* mount flags */ 306 tmp_stat.f_fsize = linux_stat->f_frsize; 307 tmp_stat.f_bsize = linux_stat->f_bsize; 308 tmp_stat.f_blocks = linux_stat->f_blocks; 309 tmp_stat.f_bfree = linux_stat->f_bfree; 310 tmp_stat.f_bavail = linux_stat->f_bavail; 311 tmp_stat.f_files = linux_stat->f_files; 312 tmp_stat.f_ffree = linux_stat->f_ffree; 313 tmp_stat.f_fsid = linux_stat->f_fsid; 314 if (bufsiz > sizeof(tmp_stat)) 315 bufsiz = sizeof(tmp_stat); 316 return copy_to_user(osf_stat, &tmp_stat, bufsiz) ? -EFAULT : 0; 317} 318 319static int 320linux_to_osf_statfs64(struct kstatfs *linux_stat, struct osf_statfs64 __user *osf_stat, 321 unsigned long bufsiz) 322{ 323 struct osf_statfs64 tmp_stat = { 0 }; 324 325 tmp_stat.f_type = linux_stat->f_type; 326 tmp_stat.f_fsize = linux_stat->f_frsize; 327 tmp_stat.f_bsize = linux_stat->f_bsize; 328 tmp_stat.f_blocks = linux_stat->f_blocks; 329 tmp_stat.f_bfree = linux_stat->f_bfree; 330 tmp_stat.f_bavail = linux_stat->f_bavail; 331 tmp_stat.f_files = linux_stat->f_files; 332 tmp_stat.f_ffree = linux_stat->f_ffree; 333 tmp_stat.f_fsid = linux_stat->f_fsid; 334 if (bufsiz > sizeof(tmp_stat)) 335 bufsiz = sizeof(tmp_stat); 336 return copy_to_user(osf_stat, &tmp_stat, bufsiz) ? -EFAULT : 0; 337} 338 339SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_statfs, const char __user *, pathname, 340 struct osf_statfs __user *, buffer, unsigned long, bufsiz) 341{ 342 struct kstatfs linux_stat; 343 int error = user_statfs(pathname, &linux_stat); 344 if (!error) 345 error = linux_to_osf_statfs(&linux_stat, buffer, bufsiz); 346 return error; 347} 348 349SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_stat, char __user *, name, struct osf_stat __user *, buf) 350{ 351 struct kstat stat; 352 int error; 353 354 error = vfs_stat(name, &stat); 355 if (error) 356 return error; 357 358 return linux_to_osf_stat(&stat, buf); 359} 360 361SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_lstat, char __user *, name, struct osf_stat __user *, buf) 362{ 363 struct kstat stat; 364 int error; 365 366 error = vfs_lstat(name, &stat); 367 if (error) 368 return error; 369 370 return linux_to_osf_stat(&stat, buf); 371} 372 373SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_fstat, int, fd, struct osf_stat __user *, buf) 374{ 375 struct kstat stat; 376 int error; 377 378 error = vfs_fstat(fd, &stat); 379 if (error) 380 return error; 381 382 return linux_to_osf_stat(&stat, buf); 383} 384 385SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_fstatfs, unsigned long, fd, 386 struct osf_statfs __user *, buffer, unsigned long, bufsiz) 387{ 388 struct kstatfs linux_stat; 389 int error = fd_statfs(fd, &linux_stat); 390 if (!error) 391 error = linux_to_osf_statfs(&linux_stat, buffer, bufsiz); 392 return error; 393} 394 395SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_statfs64, char __user *, pathname, 396 struct osf_statfs64 __user *, buffer, unsigned long, bufsiz) 397{ 398 struct kstatfs linux_stat; 399 int error = user_statfs(pathname, &linux_stat); 400 if (!error) 401 error = linux_to_osf_statfs64(&linux_stat, buffer, bufsiz); 402 return error; 403} 404 405SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_fstatfs64, unsigned long, fd, 406 struct osf_statfs64 __user *, buffer, unsigned long, bufsiz) 407{ 408 struct kstatfs linux_stat; 409 int error = fd_statfs(fd, &linux_stat); 410 if (!error) 411 error = linux_to_osf_statfs64(&linux_stat, buffer, bufsiz); 412 return error; 413} 414 415/* 416 * Uhh.. OSF/1 mount parameters aren't exactly obvious.. 417 * 418 * Although to be frank, neither are the native Linux/i386 ones.. 419 */ 420struct ufs_args { 421 char __user *devname; 422 int flags; 423 uid_t exroot; 424}; 425 426struct cdfs_args { 427 char __user *devname; 428 int flags; 429 uid_t exroot; 430 431 /* This has lots more here, which Linux handles with the option block 432 but I'm too lazy to do the translation into ASCII. */ 433}; 434 435struct procfs_args { 436 char __user *devname; 437 int flags; 438 uid_t exroot; 439}; 440 441/* 442 * We can't actually handle ufs yet, so we translate UFS mounts to 443 * ext2fs mounts. I wouldn't mind a UFS filesystem, but the UFS 444 * layout is so braindead it's a major headache doing it. 445 * 446 * Just how long ago was it written? OTOH our UFS driver may be still 447 * unhappy with OSF UFS. [CHECKME] 448 */ 449static int 450osf_ufs_mount(const char __user *dirname, 451 struct ufs_args __user *args, int flags) 452{ 453 int retval; 454 struct cdfs_args tmp; 455 struct filename *devname; 456 457 retval = -EFAULT; 458 if (copy_from_user(&tmp, args, sizeof(tmp))) 459 goto out; 460 devname = getname(tmp.devname); 461 retval = PTR_ERR(devname); 462 if (IS_ERR(devname)) 463 goto out; 464 retval = do_mount(devname->name, dirname, "ext2", flags, NULL); 465 putname(devname); 466 out: 467 return retval; 468} 469 470static int 471osf_cdfs_mount(const char __user *dirname, 472 struct cdfs_args __user *args, int flags) 473{ 474 int retval; 475 struct cdfs_args tmp; 476 struct filename *devname; 477 478 retval = -EFAULT; 479 if (copy_from_user(&tmp, args, sizeof(tmp))) 480 goto out; 481 devname = getname(tmp.devname); 482 retval = PTR_ERR(devname); 483 if (IS_ERR(devname)) 484 goto out; 485 retval = do_mount(devname->name, dirname, "iso9660", flags, NULL); 486 putname(devname); 487 out: 488 return retval; 489} 490 491static int 492osf_procfs_mount(const char __user *dirname, 493 struct procfs_args __user *args, int flags) 494{ 495 struct procfs_args tmp; 496 497 if (copy_from_user(&tmp, args, sizeof(tmp))) 498 return -EFAULT; 499 500 return do_mount("", dirname, "proc", flags, NULL); 501} 502 503SYSCALL_DEFINE4(osf_mount, unsigned long, typenr, const char __user *, path, 504 int, flag, void __user *, data) 505{ 506 int retval; 507 508 switch (typenr) { 509 case 1: 510 retval = osf_ufs_mount(path, data, flag); 511 break; 512 case 6: 513 retval = osf_cdfs_mount(path, data, flag); 514 break; 515 case 9: 516 retval = osf_procfs_mount(path, data, flag); 517 break; 518 default: 519 retval = -EINVAL; 520 printk("osf_mount(%ld, %x)\n", typenr, flag); 521 } 522 523 return retval; 524} 525 526SYSCALL_DEFINE1(osf_utsname, char __user *, name) 527{ 528 int error; 529 530 down_read(&uts_sem); 531 error = -EFAULT; 532 if (copy_to_user(name + 0, utsname()->sysname, 32)) 533 goto out; 534 if (copy_to_user(name + 32, utsname()->nodename, 32)) 535 goto out; 536 if (copy_to_user(name + 64, utsname()->release, 32)) 537 goto out; 538 if (copy_to_user(name + 96, utsname()->version, 32)) 539 goto out; 540 if (copy_to_user(name + 128, utsname()->machine, 32)) 541 goto out; 542 543 error = 0; 544 out: 545 up_read(&uts_sem); 546 return error; 547} 548 549SYSCALL_DEFINE0(getpagesize) 550{ 551 return PAGE_SIZE; 552} 553 554SYSCALL_DEFINE0(getdtablesize) 555{ 556 return sysctl_nr_open; 557} 558 559/* 560 * For compatibility with OSF/1 only. Use utsname(2) instead. 561 */ 562SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_getdomainname, char __user *, name, int, namelen) 563{ 564 unsigned len; 565 int i; 566 567 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, name, namelen)) 568 return -EFAULT; 569 570 len = namelen; 571 if (len > 32) 572 len = 32; 573 574 down_read(&uts_sem); 575 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { 576 __put_user(utsname()->domainname[i], name + i); 577 if (utsname()->domainname[i] == '\0') 578 break; 579 } 580 up_read(&uts_sem); 581 582 return 0; 583} 584 585/* 586 * The following stuff should move into a header file should it ever 587 * be labeled "officially supported." Right now, there is just enough 588 * support to avoid applications (such as tar) printing error 589 * messages. The attributes are not really implemented. 590 */ 591 592/* 593 * Values for Property list entry flag 594 */ 595#define PLE_PROPAGATE_ON_COPY 0x1 /* cp(1) will copy entry 596 by default */ 597#define PLE_FLAG_MASK 0x1 /* Valid flag values */ 598#define PLE_FLAG_ALL -1 /* All flag value */ 599 600struct proplistname_args { 601 unsigned int pl_mask; 602 unsigned int pl_numnames; 603 char **pl_names; 604}; 605 606union pl_args { 607 struct setargs { 608 char __user *path; 609 long follow; 610 long nbytes; 611 char __user *buf; 612 } set; 613 struct fsetargs { 614 long fd; 615 long nbytes; 616 char __user *buf; 617 } fset; 618 struct getargs { 619 char __user *path; 620 long follow; 621 struct proplistname_args __user *name_args; 622 long nbytes; 623 char __user *buf; 624 int __user *min_buf_size; 625 } get; 626 struct fgetargs { 627 long fd; 628 struct proplistname_args __user *name_args; 629 long nbytes; 630 char __user *buf; 631 int __user *min_buf_size; 632 } fget; 633 struct delargs { 634 char __user *path; 635 long follow; 636 struct proplistname_args __user *name_args; 637 } del; 638 struct fdelargs { 639 long fd; 640 struct proplistname_args __user *name_args; 641 } fdel; 642}; 643 644enum pl_code { 645 PL_SET = 1, PL_FSET = 2, 646 PL_GET = 3, PL_FGET = 4, 647 PL_DEL = 5, PL_FDEL = 6 648}; 649 650SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_proplist_syscall, enum pl_code, code, 651 union pl_args __user *, args) 652{ 653 long error; 654 int __user *min_buf_size_ptr; 655 656 switch (code) { 657 case PL_SET: 658 if (get_user(error, &args->set.nbytes)) 659 error = -EFAULT; 660 break; 661 case PL_FSET: 662 if (get_user(error, &args->fset.nbytes)) 663 error = -EFAULT; 664 break; 665 case PL_GET: 666 error = get_user(min_buf_size_ptr, &args->get.min_buf_size); 667 if (error) 668 break; 669 error = put_user(0, min_buf_size_ptr); 670 break; 671 case PL_FGET: 672 error = get_user(min_buf_size_ptr, &args->fget.min_buf_size); 673 if (error) 674 break; 675 error = put_user(0, min_buf_size_ptr); 676 break; 677 case PL_DEL: 678 case PL_FDEL: 679 error = 0; 680 break; 681 default: 682 error = -EOPNOTSUPP; 683 break; 684 }; 685 return error; 686} 687 688SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_sigstack, struct sigstack __user *, uss, 689 struct sigstack __user *, uoss) 690{ 691 unsigned long usp = rdusp(); 692 unsigned long oss_sp = current->sas_ss_sp + current->sas_ss_size; 693 unsigned long oss_os = on_sig_stack(usp); 694 int error; 695 696 if (uss) { 697 void __user *ss_sp; 698 699 error = -EFAULT; 700 if (get_user(ss_sp, &uss->ss_sp)) 701 goto out; 702 703 /* If the current stack was set with sigaltstack, don't 704 swap stacks while we are on it. */ 705 error = -EPERM; 706 if (current->sas_ss_sp && on_sig_stack(usp)) 707 goto out; 708 709 /* Since we don't know the extent of the stack, and we don't 710 track onstack-ness, but rather calculate it, we must 711 presume a size. Ho hum this interface is lossy. */ 712 current->sas_ss_sp = (unsigned long)ss_sp - SIGSTKSZ; 713 current->sas_ss_size = SIGSTKSZ; 714 } 715 716 if (uoss) { 717 error = -EFAULT; 718 if (! access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, uoss, sizeof(*uoss)) 719 || __put_user(oss_sp, &uoss->ss_sp) 720 || __put_user(oss_os, &uoss->ss_onstack)) 721 goto out; 722 } 723 724 error = 0; 725 out: 726 return error; 727} 728 729SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_sysinfo, int, command, char __user *, buf, long, count) 730{ 731 const char *sysinfo_table[] = { 732 utsname()->sysname, 733 utsname()->nodename, 734 utsname()->release, 735 utsname()->version, 736 utsname()->machine, 737 "alpha", /* instruction set architecture */ 738 "dummy", /* hardware serial number */ 739 "dummy", /* hardware manufacturer */ 740 "dummy", /* secure RPC domain */ 741 }; 742 unsigned long offset; 743 const char *res; 744 long len, err = -EINVAL; 745 746 offset = command-1; 747 if (offset >= ARRAY_SIZE(sysinfo_table)) { 748 /* Digital UNIX has a few unpublished interfaces here */ 749 printk("sysinfo(%d)", command); 750 goto out; 751 } 752 753 down_read(&uts_sem); 754 res = sysinfo_table[offset]; 755 len = strlen(res)+1; 756 if ((unsigned long)len > (unsigned long)count) 757 len = count; 758 if (copy_to_user(buf, res, len)) 759 err = -EFAULT; 760 else 761 err = 0; 762 up_read(&uts_sem); 763 out: 764 return err; 765} 766 767SYSCALL_DEFINE5(osf_getsysinfo, unsigned long, op, void __user *, buffer, 768 unsigned long, nbytes, int __user *, start, void __user *, arg) 769{ 770 unsigned long w; 771 struct percpu_struct *cpu; 772 773 switch (op) { 774 case GSI_IEEE_FP_CONTROL: 775 /* Return current software fp control & status bits. */ 776 /* Note that DU doesn't verify available space here. */ 777 778 w = current_thread_info()->ieee_state & IEEE_SW_MASK; 779 w = swcr_update_status(w, rdfpcr()); 780 if (put_user(w, (unsigned long __user *) buffer)) 781 return -EFAULT; 782 return 0; 783 784 case GSI_IEEE_STATE_AT_SIGNAL: 785 /* 786 * Not sure anybody will ever use this weird stuff. These 787 * ops can be used (under OSF/1) to set the fpcr that should 788 * be used when a signal handler starts executing. 789 */ 790 break; 791 792 case GSI_UACPROC: 793 if (nbytes < sizeof(unsigned int)) 794 return -EINVAL; 795 w = current_thread_info()->status & UAC_BITMASK; 796 if (put_user(w, (unsigned int __user *)buffer)) 797 return -EFAULT; 798 return 1; 799 800 case GSI_PROC_TYPE: 801 if (nbytes < sizeof(unsigned long)) 802 return -EINVAL; 803 cpu = (struct percpu_struct*) 804 ((char*)hwrpb + hwrpb->processor_offset); 805 w = cpu->type; 806 if (put_user(w, (unsigned long __user*)buffer)) 807 return -EFAULT; 808 return 1; 809 810 case GSI_GET_HWRPB: 811 if (nbytes > sizeof(*hwrpb)) 812 return -EINVAL; 813 if (copy_to_user(buffer, hwrpb, nbytes) != 0) 814 return -EFAULT; 815 return 1; 816 817 default: 818 break; 819 } 820 821 return -EOPNOTSUPP; 822} 823 824SYSCALL_DEFINE5(osf_setsysinfo, unsigned long, op, void __user *, buffer, 825 unsigned long, nbytes, int __user *, start, void __user *, arg) 826{ 827 switch (op) { 828 case SSI_IEEE_FP_CONTROL: { 829 unsigned long swcr, fpcr; 830 unsigned int *state; 831 832 /* 833 * Alpha Architecture Handbook 4.7.7.3: 834 * To be fully IEEE compiant, we must track the current IEEE 835 * exception state in software, because spurious bits can be 836 * set in the trap shadow of a software-complete insn. 837 */ 838 839 if (get_user(swcr, (unsigned long __user *)buffer)) 840 return -EFAULT; 841 state = ¤t_thread_info()->ieee_state; 842 843 /* Update softare trap enable bits. */ 844 *state = (*state & ~IEEE_SW_MASK) | (swcr & IEEE_SW_MASK); 845 846 /* Update the real fpcr. */ 847 fpcr = rdfpcr() & FPCR_DYN_MASK; 848 fpcr |= ieee_swcr_to_fpcr(swcr); 849 wrfpcr(fpcr); 850 851 return 0; 852 } 853 854 case SSI_IEEE_RAISE_EXCEPTION: { 855 unsigned long exc, swcr, fpcr, fex; 856 unsigned int *state; 857 858 if (get_user(exc, (unsigned long __user *)buffer)) 859 return -EFAULT; 860 state = ¤t_thread_info()->ieee_state; 861 exc &= IEEE_STATUS_MASK; 862 863 /* Update softare trap enable bits. */ 864 swcr = (*state & IEEE_SW_MASK) | exc; 865 *state |= exc; 866 867 /* Update the real fpcr. */ 868 fpcr = rdfpcr(); 869 fpcr |= ieee_swcr_to_fpcr(swcr); 870 wrfpcr(fpcr); 871 872 /* If any exceptions set by this call, and are unmasked, 873 send a signal. Old exceptions are not signaled. */ 874 fex = (exc >> IEEE_STATUS_TO_EXCSUM_SHIFT) & swcr; 875 if (fex) { 876 siginfo_t info; 877 int si_code = 0; 878 879 if (fex & IEEE_TRAP_ENABLE_DNO) si_code = FPE_FLTUND; 880 if (fex & IEEE_TRAP_ENABLE_INE) si_code = FPE_FLTRES; 881 if (fex & IEEE_TRAP_ENABLE_UNF) si_code = FPE_FLTUND; 882 if (fex & IEEE_TRAP_ENABLE_OVF) si_code = FPE_FLTOVF; 883 if (fex & IEEE_TRAP_ENABLE_DZE) si_code = FPE_FLTDIV; 884 if (fex & IEEE_TRAP_ENABLE_INV) si_code = FPE_FLTINV; 885 886 info.si_signo = SIGFPE; 887 info.si_errno = 0; 888 info.si_code = si_code; 889 info.si_addr = NULL; /* FIXME */ 890 send_sig_info(SIGFPE, &info, current); 891 } 892 return 0; 893 } 894 895 case SSI_IEEE_STATE_AT_SIGNAL: 896 case SSI_IEEE_IGNORE_STATE_AT_SIGNAL: 897 /* 898 * Not sure anybody will ever use this weird stuff. These 899 * ops can be used (under OSF/1) to set the fpcr that should 900 * be used when a signal handler starts executing. 901 */ 902 break; 903 904 case SSI_NVPAIRS: { 905 unsigned __user *p = buffer; 906 unsigned i; 907 908 for (i = 0, p = buffer; i < nbytes; ++i, p += 2) { 909 unsigned v, w, status; 910 911 if (get_user(v, p) || get_user(w, p + 1)) 912 return -EFAULT; 913 switch (v) { 914 case SSIN_UACPROC: 915 w &= UAC_BITMASK; 916 status = current_thread_info()->status; 917 status = (status & ~UAC_BITMASK) | w; 918 current_thread_info()->status = status; 919 break; 920 921 default: 922 return -EOPNOTSUPP; 923 } 924 } 925 return 0; 926 } 927 928 case SSI_LMF: 929 return 0; 930 931 default: 932 break; 933 } 934 935 return -EOPNOTSUPP; 936} 937 938/* Translations due to the fact that OSF's time_t is an int. Which 939 affects all sorts of things, like timeval and itimerval. */ 940 941extern struct timezone sys_tz; 942 943struct timeval32 944{ 945 int tv_sec, tv_usec; 946}; 947 948struct itimerval32 949{ 950 struct timeval32 it_interval; 951 struct timeval32 it_value; 952}; 953 954static inline long 955get_tv32(struct timeval *o, struct timeval32 __user *i) 956{ 957 return (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, i, sizeof(*i)) || 958 (__get_user(o->tv_sec, &i->tv_sec) | 959 __get_user(o->tv_usec, &i->tv_usec))); 960} 961 962static inline long 963put_tv32(struct timeval32 __user *o, struct timeval *i) 964{ 965 return (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, o, sizeof(*o)) || 966 (__put_user(i->tv_sec, &o->tv_sec) | 967 __put_user(i->tv_usec, &o->tv_usec))); 968} 969 970static inline long 971get_it32(struct itimerval *o, struct itimerval32 __user *i) 972{ 973 return (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, i, sizeof(*i)) || 974 (__get_user(o->it_interval.tv_sec, &i->it_interval.tv_sec) | 975 __get_user(o->it_interval.tv_usec, &i->it_interval.tv_usec) | 976 __get_user(o->it_value.tv_sec, &i->it_value.tv_sec) | 977 __get_user(o->it_value.tv_usec, &i->it_value.tv_usec))); 978} 979 980static inline long 981put_it32(struct itimerval32 __user *o, struct itimerval *i) 982{ 983 return (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, o, sizeof(*o)) || 984 (__put_user(i->it_interval.tv_sec, &o->it_interval.tv_sec) | 985 __put_user(i->it_interval.tv_usec, &o->it_interval.tv_usec) | 986 __put_user(i->it_value.tv_sec, &o->it_value.tv_sec) | 987 __put_user(i->it_value.tv_usec, &o->it_value.tv_usec))); 988} 989 990static inline void 991jiffies_to_timeval32(unsigned long jiffies, struct timeval32 *value) 992{ 993 value->tv_usec = (jiffies % HZ) * (1000000L / HZ); 994 value->tv_sec = jiffies / HZ; 995} 996 997SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_gettimeofday, struct timeval32 __user *, tv, 998 struct timezone __user *, tz) 999{ 1000 if (tv) { 1001 struct timeval ktv; 1002 do_gettimeofday(&ktv); 1003 if (put_tv32(tv, &ktv)) 1004 return -EFAULT; 1005 } 1006 if (tz) { 1007 if (copy_to_user(tz, &sys_tz, sizeof(sys_tz))) 1008 return -EFAULT; 1009 } 1010 return 0; 1011} 1012 1013SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_settimeofday, struct timeval32 __user *, tv, 1014 struct timezone __user *, tz) 1015{ 1016 struct timespec kts; 1017 struct timezone ktz; 1018 1019 if (tv) { 1020 if (get_tv32((struct timeval *)&kts, tv)) 1021 return -EFAULT; 1022 kts.tv_nsec *= 1000; 1023 } 1024 if (tz) { 1025 if (copy_from_user(&ktz, tz, sizeof(*tz))) 1026 return -EFAULT; 1027 } 1028 1029 return do_sys_settimeofday(tv ? &kts : NULL, tz ? &ktz : NULL); 1030} 1031 1032SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_getitimer, int, which, struct itimerval32 __user *, it) 1033{ 1034 struct itimerval kit; 1035 int error; 1036 1037 error = do_getitimer(which, &kit); 1038 if (!error && put_it32(it, &kit)) 1039 error = -EFAULT; 1040 1041 return error; 1042} 1043 1044SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_setitimer, int, which, struct itimerval32 __user *, in, 1045 struct itimerval32 __user *, out) 1046{ 1047 struct itimerval kin, kout; 1048 int error; 1049 1050 if (in) { 1051 if (get_it32(&kin, in)) 1052 return -EFAULT; 1053 } else 1054 memset(&kin, 0, sizeof(kin)); 1055 1056 error = do_setitimer(which, &kin, out ? &kout : NULL); 1057 if (error || !out) 1058 return error; 1059 1060 if (put_it32(out, &kout)) 1061 return -EFAULT; 1062 1063 return 0; 1064 1065} 1066 1067SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_utimes, const char __user *, filename, 1068 struct timeval32 __user *, tvs) 1069{ 1070 struct timespec tv[2]; 1071 1072 if (tvs) { 1073 struct timeval ktvs[2]; 1074 if (get_tv32(&ktvs[0], &tvs[0]) || 1075 get_tv32(&ktvs[1], &tvs[1])) 1076 return -EFAULT; 1077 1078 if (ktvs[0].tv_usec < 0 || ktvs[0].tv_usec >= 1000000 || 1079 ktvs[1].tv_usec < 0 || ktvs[1].tv_usec >= 1000000) 1080 return -EINVAL; 1081 1082 tv[0].tv_sec = ktvs[0].tv_sec; 1083 tv[0].tv_nsec = 1000 * ktvs[0].tv_usec; 1084 tv[1].tv_sec = ktvs[1].tv_sec; 1085 tv[1].tv_nsec = 1000 * ktvs[1].tv_usec; 1086 } 1087 1088 return do_utimes(AT_FDCWD, filename, tvs ? tv : NULL, 0); 1089} 1090 1091SYSCALL_DEFINE5(osf_select, int, n, fd_set __user *, inp, fd_set __user *, outp, 1092 fd_set __user *, exp, struct timeval32 __user *, tvp) 1093{ 1094 struct timespec end_time, *to = NULL; 1095 if (tvp) { 1096 time_t sec, usec; 1097 1098 to = &end_time; 1099 1100 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, tvp, sizeof(*tvp)) 1101 || __get_user(sec, &tvp->tv_sec) 1102 || __get_user(usec, &tvp->tv_usec)) { 1103 return -EFAULT; 1104 } 1105 1106 if (sec < 0 || usec < 0) 1107 return -EINVAL; 1108 1109 if (poll_select_set_timeout(to, sec, usec * NSEC_PER_USEC)) 1110 return -EINVAL; 1111 1112 } 1113 1114 /* OSF does not copy back the remaining time. */ 1115 return core_sys_select(n, inp, outp, exp, to); 1116} 1117 1118struct rusage32 { 1119 struct timeval32 ru_utime; /* user time used */ 1120 struct timeval32 ru_stime; /* system time used */ 1121 long ru_maxrss; /* maximum resident set size */ 1122 long ru_ixrss; /* integral shared memory size */ 1123 long ru_idrss; /* integral unshared data size */ 1124 long ru_isrss; /* integral unshared stack size */ 1125 long ru_minflt; /* page reclaims */ 1126 long ru_majflt; /* page faults */ 1127 long ru_nswap; /* swaps */ 1128 long ru_inblock; /* block input operations */ 1129 long ru_oublock; /* block output operations */ 1130 long ru_msgsnd; /* messages sent */ 1131 long ru_msgrcv; /* messages received */ 1132 long ru_nsignals; /* signals received */ 1133 long ru_nvcsw; /* voluntary context switches */ 1134 long ru_nivcsw; /* involuntary " */ 1135}; 1136 1137SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_getrusage, int, who, struct rusage32 __user *, ru) 1138{ 1139 struct rusage32 r; 1140 cputime_t utime, stime; 1141 1142 if (who != RUSAGE_SELF && who != RUSAGE_CHILDREN) 1143 return -EINVAL; 1144 1145 memset(&r, 0, sizeof(r)); 1146 switch (who) { 1147 case RUSAGE_SELF: 1148 task_cputime(current, &utime, &stime); 1149 jiffies_to_timeval32(utime, &r.ru_utime); 1150 jiffies_to_timeval32(stime, &r.ru_stime); 1151 r.ru_minflt = current->min_flt; 1152 r.ru_majflt = current->maj_flt; 1153 break; 1154 case RUSAGE_CHILDREN: 1155 jiffies_to_timeval32(current->signal->cutime, &r.ru_utime); 1156 jiffies_to_timeval32(current->signal->cstime, &r.ru_stime); 1157 r.ru_minflt = current->signal->cmin_flt; 1158 r.ru_majflt = current->signal->cmaj_flt; 1159 break; 1160 } 1161 1162 return copy_to_user(ru, &r, sizeof(r)) ? -EFAULT : 0; 1163} 1164 1165SYSCALL_DEFINE4(osf_wait4, pid_t, pid, int __user *, ustatus, int, options, 1166 struct rusage32 __user *, ur) 1167{ 1168 struct rusage r; 1169 long ret, err; 1170 unsigned int status = 0; 1171 mm_segment_t old_fs; 1172 1173 if (!ur) 1174 return sys_wait4(pid, ustatus, options, NULL); 1175 1176 old_fs = get_fs(); 1177 1178 set_fs (KERNEL_DS); 1179 ret = sys_wait4(pid, (unsigned int __user *) &status, options, 1180 (struct rusage __user *) &r); 1181 set_fs (old_fs); 1182 1183 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, ur, sizeof(*ur))) 1184 return -EFAULT; 1185 1186 err = 0; 1187 err |= put_user(status, ustatus); 1188 err |= __put_user(r.ru_utime.tv_sec, &ur->ru_utime.tv_sec); 1189 err |= __put_user(r.ru_utime.tv_usec, &ur->ru_utime.tv_usec); 1190 err |= __put_user(r.ru_stime.tv_sec, &ur->ru_stime.tv_sec); 1191 err |= __put_user(r.ru_stime.tv_usec, &ur->ru_stime.tv_usec); 1192 err |= __put_user(r.ru_maxrss, &ur->ru_maxrss); 1193 err |= __put_user(r.ru_ixrss, &ur->ru_ixrss); 1194 err |= __put_user(r.ru_idrss, &ur->ru_idrss); 1195 err |= __put_user(r.ru_isrss, &ur->ru_isrss); 1196 err |= __put_user(r.ru_minflt, &ur->ru_minflt); 1197 err |= __put_user(r.ru_majflt, &ur->ru_majflt); 1198 err |= __put_user(r.ru_nswap, &ur->ru_nswap); 1199 err |= __put_user(r.ru_inblock, &ur->ru_inblock); 1200 err |= __put_user(r.ru_oublock, &ur->ru_oublock); 1201 err |= __put_user(r.ru_msgsnd, &ur->ru_msgsnd); 1202 err |= __put_user(r.ru_msgrcv, &ur->ru_msgrcv); 1203 err |= __put_user(r.ru_nsignals, &ur->ru_nsignals); 1204 err |= __put_user(r.ru_nvcsw, &ur->ru_nvcsw); 1205 err |= __put_user(r.ru_nivcsw, &ur->ru_nivcsw); 1206 1207 return err ? err : ret; 1208} 1209 1210/* 1211 * I don't know what the parameters are: the first one 1212 * seems to be a timeval pointer, and I suspect the second 1213 * one is the time remaining.. Ho humm.. No documentation. 1214 */ 1215SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_usleep_thread, struct timeval32 __user *, sleep, 1216 struct timeval32 __user *, remain) 1217{ 1218 struct timeval tmp; 1219 unsigned long ticks; 1220 1221 if (get_tv32(&tmp, sleep)) 1222 goto fault; 1223 1224 ticks = timeval_to_jiffies(&tmp); 1225 1226 ticks = schedule_timeout_interruptible(ticks); 1227 1228 if (remain) { 1229 jiffies_to_timeval(ticks, &tmp); 1230 if (put_tv32(remain, &tmp)) 1231 goto fault; 1232 } 1233 1234 return 0; 1235 fault: 1236 return -EFAULT; 1237} 1238 1239 1240struct timex32 { 1241 unsigned int modes; /* mode selector */ 1242 long offset; /* time offset (usec) */ 1243 long freq; /* frequency offset (scaled ppm) */ 1244 long maxerror; /* maximum error (usec) */ 1245 long esterror; /* estimated error (usec) */ 1246 int status; /* clock command/status */ 1247 long constant; /* pll time constant */ 1248 long precision; /* clock precision (usec) (read only) */ 1249 long tolerance; /* clock frequency tolerance (ppm) 1250 * (read only) 1251 */ 1252 struct timeval32 time; /* (read only) */ 1253 long tick; /* (modified) usecs between clock ticks */ 1254 1255 long ppsfreq; /* pps frequency (scaled ppm) (ro) */ 1256 long jitter; /* pps jitter (us) (ro) */ 1257 int shift; /* interval duration (s) (shift) (ro) */ 1258 long stabil; /* pps stability (scaled ppm) (ro) */ 1259 long jitcnt; /* jitter limit exceeded (ro) */ 1260 long calcnt; /* calibration intervals (ro) */ 1261 long errcnt; /* calibration errors (ro) */ 1262 long stbcnt; /* stability limit exceeded (ro) */ 1263 1264 int :32; int :32; int :32; int :32; 1265 int :32; int :32; int :32; int :32; 1266 int :32; int :32; int :32; int :32; 1267}; 1268 1269SYSCALL_DEFINE1(old_adjtimex, struct timex32 __user *, txc_p) 1270{ 1271 struct timex txc; 1272 int ret; 1273 1274 /* copy relevant bits of struct timex. */ 1275 if (copy_from_user(&txc, txc_p, offsetof(struct timex32, time)) || 1276 copy_from_user(&txc.tick, &txc_p->tick, sizeof(struct timex32) - 1277 offsetof(struct timex32, time))) 1278 return -EFAULT; 1279 1280 ret = do_adjtimex(&txc); 1281 if (ret < 0) 1282 return ret; 1283 1284 /* copy back to timex32 */ 1285 if (copy_to_user(txc_p, &txc, offsetof(struct timex32, time)) || 1286 (copy_to_user(&txc_p->tick, &txc.tick, sizeof(struct timex32) - 1287 offsetof(struct timex32, tick))) || 1288 (put_tv32(&txc_p->time, &txc.time))) 1289 return -EFAULT; 1290 1291 return ret; 1292} 1293 1294/* Get an address range which is currently unmapped. Similar to the 1295 generic version except that we know how to honor ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT. */ 1296 1297static unsigned long 1298arch_get_unmapped_area_1(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, 1299 unsigned long limit) 1300{ 1301 struct vm_unmapped_area_info info; 1302 1303 info.flags = 0; 1304 info.length = len; 1305 info.low_limit = addr; 1306 info.high_limit = limit; 1307 info.align_mask = 0; 1308 info.align_offset = 0; 1309 return vm_unmapped_area(&info); 1310} 1311 1312unsigned long 1313arch_get_unmapped_area(struct file *filp, unsigned long addr, 1314 unsigned long len, unsigned long pgoff, 1315 unsigned long flags) 1316{ 1317 unsigned long limit; 1318 1319 /* "32 bit" actually means 31 bit, since pointers sign extend. */ 1320 if (current->personality & ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT) 1321 limit = 0x80000000; 1322 else 1323 limit = TASK_SIZE; 1324 1325 if (len > limit) 1326 return -ENOMEM; 1327 1328 if (flags & MAP_FIXED) 1329 return addr; 1330 1331 /* First, see if the given suggestion fits. 1332 1333 The OSF/1 loader (/sbin/loader) relies on us returning an 1334 address larger than the requested if one exists, which is 1335 a terribly broken way to program. 1336 1337 That said, I can see the use in being able to suggest not 1338 merely specific addresses, but regions of memory -- perhaps 1339 this feature should be incorporated into all ports? */ 1340 1341 if (addr) { 1342 addr = arch_get_unmapped_area_1 (PAGE_ALIGN(addr), len, limit); 1343 if (addr != (unsigned long) -ENOMEM) 1344 return addr; 1345 } 1346 1347 /* Next, try allocating at TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE. */ 1348 addr = arch_get_unmapped_area_1 (PAGE_ALIGN(TASK_UNMAPPED_BASE), 1349 len, limit); 1350 if (addr != (unsigned long) -ENOMEM) 1351 return addr; 1352 1353 /* Finally, try allocating in low memory. */ 1354 addr = arch_get_unmapped_area_1 (PAGE_SIZE, len, limit); 1355 1356 return addr; 1357} 1358 1359#ifdef CONFIG_OSF4_COMPAT 1360 1361/* Clear top 32 bits of iov_len in the user's buffer for 1362 compatibility with old versions of OSF/1 where iov_len 1363 was defined as int. */ 1364static int 1365osf_fix_iov_len(const struct iovec __user *iov, unsigned long count) 1366{ 1367 unsigned long i; 1368 1369 for (i = 0 ; i < count ; i++) { 1370 int __user *iov_len_high = (int __user *)&iov[i].iov_len + 1; 1371 1372 if (put_user(0, iov_len_high)) 1373 return -EFAULT; 1374 } 1375 return 0; 1376} 1377 1378SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_readv, unsigned long, fd, 1379 const struct iovec __user *, vector, unsigned long, count) 1380{ 1381 if (unlikely(personality(current->personality) == PER_OSF4)) 1382 if (osf_fix_iov_len(vector, count)) 1383 return -EFAULT; 1384 return sys_readv(fd, vector, count); 1385} 1386 1387SYSCALL_DEFINE3(osf_writev, unsigned long, fd, 1388 const struct iovec __user *, vector, unsigned long, count) 1389{ 1390 if (unlikely(personality(current->personality) == PER_OSF4)) 1391 if (osf_fix_iov_len(vector, count)) 1392 return -EFAULT; 1393 return sys_writev(fd, vector, count); 1394} 1395 1396#endif 1397 1398SYSCALL_DEFINE2(osf_getpriority, int, which, int, who) 1399{ 1400 int prio = sys_getpriority(which, who); 1401 if (prio >= 0) { 1402 /* Return value is the unbiased priority, i.e. 20 - prio. 1403 This does result in negative return values, so signal 1404 no error */ 1405 force_successful_syscall_return(); 1406 prio = 20 - prio; 1407 } 1408 return prio; 1409} 1410 1411SYSCALL_DEFINE0(getxuid) 1412{ 1413 current_pt_regs()->r20 = sys_geteuid(); 1414 return sys_getuid(); 1415} 1416 1417SYSCALL_DEFINE0(getxgid) 1418{ 1419 current_pt_regs()->r20 = sys_getegid(); 1420 return sys_getgid(); 1421} 1422 1423SYSCALL_DEFINE0(getxpid) 1424{ 1425 current_pt_regs()->r20 = sys_getppid(); 1426 return sys_getpid(); 1427} 1428 1429SYSCALL_DEFINE0(alpha_pipe) 1430{ 1431 int fd[2]; 1432 int res = do_pipe_flags(fd, 0); 1433 if (!res) { 1434 /* The return values are in $0 and $20. */ 1435 current_pt_regs()->r20 = fd[1]; 1436 res = fd[0]; 1437 } 1438 return res; 1439} 1440 1441SYSCALL_DEFINE1(sethae, unsigned long, val) 1442{ 1443 current_pt_regs()->hae = val; 1444 return 0; 1445} 1446