root/tools/arch/x86/lib/insn.c

DEFINITIONS

1. insn_init
2. insn_get_prefixes
3. insn_get_opcode
4. insn_get_modrm
5. insn_rip_relative
6. insn_get_sib
7. insn_get_displacement
8. __get_moffset
9. __get_immv32
10. __get_immv
11. __get_immptr
12. insn_get_immediate
13. insn_get_length

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
   2 /*
   3  * x86 instruction analysis
   4  *
   5  * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004, 2009
   6  */
   7 
   8 #ifdef __KERNEL__
   9 #include <linux/string.h>
  10 #else
  11 #include <string.h>
  12 #endif
  13 #include "../include/asm/inat.h"
  14 #include "../include/asm/insn.h"
  15 
  16 /* Verify next sizeof(t) bytes can be on the same instruction */
  17 #define validate_next(t, insn, n)       \
  18         ((insn)->next_byte + sizeof(t) + n <= (insn)->end_kaddr)
  19 
  20 #define __get_next(t, insn)     \
  21         ({ t r = *(t*)insn->next_byte; insn->next_byte += sizeof(t); r; })
  22 
  23 #define __peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n)   \
  24         ({ t r = *(t*)((insn)->next_byte + n); r; })
  25 
  26 #define get_next(t, insn)       \
  27         ({ if (unlikely(!validate_next(t, insn, 0))) goto err_out; __get_next(t, insn); })
  28 
  29 #define peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n)     \
  30         ({ if (unlikely(!validate_next(t, insn, n))) goto err_out; __peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, n); })
  31 
  32 #define peek_next(t, insn)      peek_nbyte_next(t, insn, 0)
  33 
  34 /**
  35  * insn_init() - initialize struct insn
  36  * @insn:       &struct insn to be initialized
  37  * @kaddr:      address (in kernel memory) of instruction (or copy thereof)
  38  * @x86_64:     !0 for 64-bit kernel or 64-bit app
  39  */
  40 void insn_init(struct insn *insn, const void *kaddr, int buf_len, int x86_64)
  41 {
  42         /*
  43          * Instructions longer than MAX_INSN_SIZE (15 bytes) are invalid
  44          * even if the input buffer is long enough to hold them.
  45          */
  46         if (buf_len > MAX_INSN_SIZE)
  47                 buf_len = MAX_INSN_SIZE;
  48 
  49         memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
  50         insn->kaddr = kaddr;
  51         insn->end_kaddr = kaddr + buf_len;
  52         insn->next_byte = kaddr;
  53         insn->x86_64 = x86_64 ? 1 : 0;
  54         insn->opnd_bytes = 4;
  55         if (x86_64)
  56                 insn->addr_bytes = 8;
  57         else
  58                 insn->addr_bytes = 4;
  59 }
  60 
  61 /**
  62  * insn_get_prefixes - scan x86 instruction prefix bytes
  63  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
  64  *
  65  * Populates the @insn->prefixes bitmap, and updates @insn->next_byte
  66  * to point to the (first) opcode.  No effect if @insn->prefixes.got
  67  * is already set.
  68  */
  69 void insn_get_prefixes(struct insn *insn)
  70 {
  71         struct insn_field *prefixes = &insn->prefixes;
  72         insn_attr_t attr;
  73         insn_byte_t b, lb;
  74         int i, nb;
  75 
  76         if (prefixes->got)
  77                 return;
  78 
  79         nb = 0;
  80         lb = 0;
  81         b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
  82         attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
  83         while (inat_is_legacy_prefix(attr)) {
  84                 /* Skip if same prefix */
  85                 for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
  86                         if (prefixes->bytes[i] == b)
  87                                 goto found;
  88                 if (nb == 4)
  89                         /* Invalid instruction */
  90                         break;
  91                 prefixes->bytes[nb++] = b;
  92                 if (inat_is_address_size_prefix(attr)) {
  93                         /* address size switches 2/4 or 4/8 */
  94                         if (insn->x86_64)
  95                                 insn->addr_bytes ^= 12;
  96                         else
  97                                 insn->addr_bytes ^= 6;
  98                 } else if (inat_is_operand_size_prefix(attr)) {
  99                         /* oprand size switches 2/4 */
 100                         insn->opnd_bytes ^= 6;
 101                 }
 102 found:
 103                 prefixes->nbytes++;
 104                 insn->next_byte++;
 105                 lb = b;
 106                 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 107                 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
 108         }
 109         /* Set the last prefix */
 110         if (lb && lb != insn->prefixes.bytes[3]) {
 111                 if (unlikely(insn->prefixes.bytes[3])) {
 112                         /* Swap the last prefix */
 113                         b = insn->prefixes.bytes[3];
 114                         for (i = 0; i < nb; i++)
 115                                 if (prefixes->bytes[i] == lb)
 116                                         prefixes->bytes[i] = b;
 117                 }
 118                 insn->prefixes.bytes[3] = lb;
 119         }
 120 
 121         /* Decode REX prefix */
 122         if (insn->x86_64) {
 123                 b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 124                 attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
 125                 if (inat_is_rex_prefix(attr)) {
 126                         insn->rex_prefix.value = b;
 127                         insn->rex_prefix.nbytes = 1;
 128                         insn->next_byte++;
 129                         if (X86_REX_W(b))
 130                                 /* REX.W overrides opnd_size */
 131                                 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
 132                 }
 133         }
 134         insn->rex_prefix.got = 1;
 135 
 136         /* Decode VEX prefix */
 137         b = peek_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 138         attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(b);
 139         if (inat_is_vex_prefix(attr)) {
 140                 insn_byte_t b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 1);
 141                 if (!insn->x86_64) {
 142                         /*
 143                          * In 32-bits mode, if the [7:6] bits (mod bits of
 144                          * ModRM) on the second byte are not 11b, it is
 145                          * LDS or LES or BOUND.
 146                          */
 147                         if (X86_MODRM_MOD(b2) != 3)
 148                                 goto vex_end;
 149                 }
 150                 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[0] = b;
 151                 insn->vex_prefix.bytes[1] = b2;
 152                 if (inat_is_evex_prefix(attr)) {
 153                         b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 2);
 154                         insn->vex_prefix.bytes[2] = b2;
 155                         b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 3);
 156                         insn->vex_prefix.bytes[3] = b2;
 157                         insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 4;
 158                         insn->next_byte += 4;
 159                         if (insn->x86_64 && X86_VEX_W(b2))
 160                                 /* VEX.W overrides opnd_size */
 161                                 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
 162                 } else if (inat_is_vex3_prefix(attr)) {
 163                         b2 = peek_nbyte_next(insn_byte_t, insn, 2);
 164                         insn->vex_prefix.bytes[2] = b2;
 165                         insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 3;
 166                         insn->next_byte += 3;
 167                         if (insn->x86_64 && X86_VEX_W(b2))
 168                                 /* VEX.W overrides opnd_size */
 169                                 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
 170                 } else {
 171                         /*
 172                          * For VEX2, fake VEX3-like byte#2.
 173                          * Makes it easier to decode vex.W, vex.vvvv,
 174                          * vex.L and vex.pp. Masking with 0x7f sets vex.W == 0.
 175                          */
 176                         insn->vex_prefix.bytes[2] = b2 & 0x7f;
 177                         insn->vex_prefix.nbytes = 2;
 178                         insn->next_byte += 2;
 179                 }
 180         }
 181 vex_end:
 182         insn->vex_prefix.got = 1;
 183 
 184         prefixes->got = 1;
 185 
 186 err_out:
 187         return;
 188 }
 189 
 190 /**
 191  * insn_get_opcode - collect opcode(s)
 192  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 193  *
 194  * Populates @insn->opcode, updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
 195  * opcode byte(s), and set @insn->attr (except for groups).
 196  * If necessary, first collects any preceding (prefix) bytes.
 197  * Sets @insn->opcode.value = opcode1.  No effect if @insn->opcode.got
 198  * is already 1.
 199  */
 200 void insn_get_opcode(struct insn *insn)
 201 {
 202         struct insn_field *opcode = &insn->opcode;
 203         insn_byte_t op;
 204         int pfx_id;
 205         if (opcode->got)
 206                 return;
 207         if (!insn->prefixes.got)
 208                 insn_get_prefixes(insn);
 209 
 210         /* Get first opcode */
 211         op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 212         opcode->bytes[0] = op;
 213         opcode->nbytes = 1;
 214 
 215         /* Check if there is VEX prefix or not */
 216         if (insn_is_avx(insn)) {
 217                 insn_byte_t m, p;
 218                 m = insn_vex_m_bits(insn);
 219                 p = insn_vex_p_bits(insn);
 220                 insn->attr = inat_get_avx_attribute(op, m, p);
 221                 if ((inat_must_evex(insn->attr) && !insn_is_evex(insn)) ||
 222                     (!inat_accept_vex(insn->attr) &&
 223                      !inat_is_group(insn->attr)))
 224                         insn->attr = 0; /* This instruction is bad */
 225                 goto end;       /* VEX has only 1 byte for opcode */
 226         }
 227 
 228         insn->attr = inat_get_opcode_attribute(op);
 229         while (inat_is_escape(insn->attr)) {
 230                 /* Get escaped opcode */
 231                 op = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 232                 opcode->bytes[opcode->nbytes++] = op;
 233                 pfx_id = insn_last_prefix_id(insn);
 234                 insn->attr = inat_get_escape_attribute(op, pfx_id, insn->attr);
 235         }
 236         if (inat_must_vex(insn->attr))
 237                 insn->attr = 0; /* This instruction is bad */
 238 end:
 239         opcode->got = 1;
 240 
 241 err_out:
 242         return;
 243 }
 244 
 245 /**
 246  * insn_get_modrm - collect ModRM byte, if any
 247  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 248  *
 249  * Populates @insn->modrm and updates @insn->next_byte to point past the
 250  * ModRM byte, if any.  If necessary, first collects the preceding bytes
 251  * (prefixes and opcode(s)).  No effect if @insn->modrm.got is already 1.
 252  */
 253 void insn_get_modrm(struct insn *insn)
 254 {
 255         struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
 256         insn_byte_t pfx_id, mod;
 257         if (modrm->got)
 258                 return;
 259         if (!insn->opcode.got)
 260                 insn_get_opcode(insn);
 261 
 262         if (inat_has_modrm(insn->attr)) {
 263                 mod = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 264                 modrm->value = mod;
 265                 modrm->nbytes = 1;
 266                 if (inat_is_group(insn->attr)) {
 267                         pfx_id = insn_last_prefix_id(insn);
 268                         insn->attr = inat_get_group_attribute(mod, pfx_id,
 269                                                               insn->attr);
 270                         if (insn_is_avx(insn) && !inat_accept_vex(insn->attr))
 271                                 insn->attr = 0; /* This is bad */
 272                 }
 273         }
 274 
 275         if (insn->x86_64 && inat_is_force64(insn->attr))
 276                 insn->opnd_bytes = 8;
 277         modrm->got = 1;
 278 
 279 err_out:
 280         return;
 281 }
 282 
 283 
 284 /**
 285  * insn_rip_relative() - Does instruction use RIP-relative addressing mode?
 286  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 287  *
 288  * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
 289  * ModRM byte.  No effect if @insn->x86_64 is 0.
 290  */
 291 int insn_rip_relative(struct insn *insn)
 292 {
 293         struct insn_field *modrm = &insn->modrm;
 294 
 295         if (!insn->x86_64)
 296                 return 0;
 297         if (!modrm->got)
 298                 insn_get_modrm(insn);
 299         /*
 300          * For rip-relative instructions, the mod field (top 2 bits)
 301          * is zero and the r/m field (bottom 3 bits) is 0x5.
 302          */
 303         return (modrm->nbytes && (modrm->value & 0xc7) == 0x5);
 304 }
 305 
 306 /**
 307  * insn_get_sib() - Get the SIB byte of instruction
 308  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 309  *
 310  * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
 311  * ModRM byte.
 312  */
 313 void insn_get_sib(struct insn *insn)
 314 {
 315         insn_byte_t modrm;
 316 
 317         if (insn->sib.got)
 318                 return;
 319         if (!insn->modrm.got)
 320                 insn_get_modrm(insn);
 321         if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
 322                 modrm = (insn_byte_t)insn->modrm.value;
 323                 if (insn->addr_bytes != 2 &&
 324                     X86_MODRM_MOD(modrm) != 3 && X86_MODRM_RM(modrm) == 4) {
 325                         insn->sib.value = get_next(insn_byte_t, insn);
 326                         insn->sib.nbytes = 1;
 327                 }
 328         }
 329         insn->sib.got = 1;
 330 
 331 err_out:
 332         return;
 333 }
 334 
 335 
 336 /**
 337  * insn_get_displacement() - Get the displacement of instruction
 338  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 339  *
 340  * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
 341  * SIB byte.
 342  * Displacement value is sign-expanded.
 343  */
 344 void insn_get_displacement(struct insn *insn)
 345 {
 346         insn_byte_t mod, rm, base;
 347 
 348         if (insn->displacement.got)
 349                 return;
 350         if (!insn->sib.got)
 351                 insn_get_sib(insn);
 352         if (insn->modrm.nbytes) {
 353                 /*
 354                  * Interpreting the modrm byte:
 355                  * mod = 00 - no displacement fields (exceptions below)
 356                  * mod = 01 - 1-byte displacement field
 357                  * mod = 10 - displacement field is 4 bytes, or 2 bytes if
 358                  *      address size = 2 (0x67 prefix in 32-bit mode)
 359                  * mod = 11 - no memory operand
 360                  *
 361                  * If address size = 2...
 362                  * mod = 00, r/m = 110 - displacement field is 2 bytes
 363                  *
 364                  * If address size != 2...
 365                  * mod != 11, r/m = 100 - SIB byte exists
 366                  * mod = 00, SIB base = 101 - displacement field is 4 bytes
 367                  * mod = 00, r/m = 101 - rip-relative addressing, displacement
 368                  *      field is 4 bytes
 369                  */
 370                 mod = X86_MODRM_MOD(insn->modrm.value);
 371                 rm = X86_MODRM_RM(insn->modrm.value);
 372                 base = X86_SIB_BASE(insn->sib.value);
 373                 if (mod == 3)
 374                         goto out;
 375                 if (mod == 1) {
 376                         insn->displacement.value = get_next(signed char, insn);
 377                         insn->displacement.nbytes = 1;
 378                 } else if (insn->addr_bytes == 2) {
 379                         if ((mod == 0 && rm == 6) || mod == 2) {
 380                                 insn->displacement.value =
 381                                          get_next(short, insn);
 382                                 insn->displacement.nbytes = 2;
 383                         }
 384                 } else {
 385                         if ((mod == 0 && rm == 5) || mod == 2 ||
 386                             (mod == 0 && base == 5)) {
 387                                 insn->displacement.value = get_next(int, insn);
 388                                 insn->displacement.nbytes = 4;
 389                         }
 390                 }
 391         }
 392 out:
 393         insn->displacement.got = 1;
 394 
 395 err_out:
 396         return;
 397 }
 398 
 399 /* Decode moffset16/32/64. Return 0 if failed */
 400 static int __get_moffset(struct insn *insn)
 401 {
 402         switch (insn->addr_bytes) {
 403         case 2:
 404                 insn->moffset1.value = get_next(short, insn);
 405                 insn->moffset1.nbytes = 2;
 406                 break;
 407         case 4:
 408                 insn->moffset1.value = get_next(int, insn);
 409                 insn->moffset1.nbytes = 4;
 410                 break;
 411         case 8:
 412                 insn->moffset1.value = get_next(int, insn);
 413                 insn->moffset1.nbytes = 4;
 414                 insn->moffset2.value = get_next(int, insn);
 415                 insn->moffset2.nbytes = 4;
 416                 break;
 417         default:        /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
 418                 goto err_out;
 419         }
 420         insn->moffset1.got = insn->moffset2.got = 1;
 421 
 422         return 1;
 423 
 424 err_out:
 425         return 0;
 426 }
 427 
 428 /* Decode imm v32(Iz). Return 0 if failed */
 429 static int __get_immv32(struct insn *insn)
 430 {
 431         switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
 432         case 2:
 433                 insn->immediate.value = get_next(short, insn);
 434                 insn->immediate.nbytes = 2;
 435                 break;
 436         case 4:
 437         case 8:
 438                 insn->immediate.value = get_next(int, insn);
 439                 insn->immediate.nbytes = 4;
 440                 break;
 441         default:        /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
 442                 goto err_out;
 443         }
 444 
 445         return 1;
 446 
 447 err_out:
 448         return 0;
 449 }
 450 
 451 /* Decode imm v64(Iv/Ov), Return 0 if failed */
 452 static int __get_immv(struct insn *insn)
 453 {
 454         switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
 455         case 2:
 456                 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(short, insn);
 457                 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 2;
 458                 break;
 459         case 4:
 460                 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
 461                 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
 462                 break;
 463         case 8:
 464                 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
 465                 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
 466                 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(int, insn);
 467                 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 4;
 468                 break;
 469         default:        /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
 470                 goto err_out;
 471         }
 472         insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
 473 
 474         return 1;
 475 err_out:
 476         return 0;
 477 }
 478 
 479 /* Decode ptr16:16/32(Ap) */
 480 static int __get_immptr(struct insn *insn)
 481 {
 482         switch (insn->opnd_bytes) {
 483         case 2:
 484                 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(short, insn);
 485                 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 2;
 486                 break;
 487         case 4:
 488                 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
 489                 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
 490                 break;
 491         case 8:
 492                 /* ptr16:64 is not exist (no segment) */
 493                 return 0;
 494         default:        /* opnd_bytes must be modified manually */
 495                 goto err_out;
 496         }
 497         insn->immediate2.value = get_next(unsigned short, insn);
 498         insn->immediate2.nbytes = 2;
 499         insn->immediate1.got = insn->immediate2.got = 1;
 500 
 501         return 1;
 502 err_out:
 503         return 0;
 504 }
 505 
 506 /**
 507  * insn_get_immediate() - Get the immediates of instruction
 508  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 509  *
 510  * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
 511  * displacement bytes.
 512  * Basically, most of immediates are sign-expanded. Unsigned-value can be
 513  * get by bit masking with ((1 << (nbytes * 8)) - 1)
 514  */
 515 void insn_get_immediate(struct insn *insn)
 516 {
 517         if (insn->immediate.got)
 518                 return;
 519         if (!insn->displacement.got)
 520                 insn_get_displacement(insn);
 521 
 522         if (inat_has_moffset(insn->attr)) {
 523                 if (!__get_moffset(insn))
 524                         goto err_out;
 525                 goto done;
 526         }
 527 
 528         if (!inat_has_immediate(insn->attr))
 529                 /* no immediates */
 530                 goto done;
 531 
 532         switch (inat_immediate_size(insn->attr)) {
 533         case INAT_IMM_BYTE:
 534                 insn->immediate.value = get_next(signed char, insn);
 535                 insn->immediate.nbytes = 1;
 536                 break;
 537         case INAT_IMM_WORD:
 538                 insn->immediate.value = get_next(short, insn);
 539                 insn->immediate.nbytes = 2;
 540                 break;
 541         case INAT_IMM_DWORD:
 542                 insn->immediate.value = get_next(int, insn);
 543                 insn->immediate.nbytes = 4;
 544                 break;
 545         case INAT_IMM_QWORD:
 546                 insn->immediate1.value = get_next(int, insn);
 547                 insn->immediate1.nbytes = 4;
 548                 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(int, insn);
 549                 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 4;
 550                 break;
 551         case INAT_IMM_PTR:
 552                 if (!__get_immptr(insn))
 553                         goto err_out;
 554                 break;
 555         case INAT_IMM_VWORD32:
 556                 if (!__get_immv32(insn))
 557                         goto err_out;
 558                 break;
 559         case INAT_IMM_VWORD:
 560                 if (!__get_immv(insn))
 561                         goto err_out;
 562                 break;
 563         default:
 564                 /* Here, insn must have an immediate, but failed */
 565                 goto err_out;
 566         }
 567         if (inat_has_second_immediate(insn->attr)) {
 568                 insn->immediate2.value = get_next(signed char, insn);
 569                 insn->immediate2.nbytes = 1;
 570         }
 571 done:
 572         insn->immediate.got = 1;
 573 
 574 err_out:
 575         return;
 576 }
 577 
 578 /**
 579  * insn_get_length() - Get the length of instruction
 580  * @insn:       &struct insn containing instruction
 581  *
 582  * If necessary, first collects the instruction up to and including the
 583  * immediates bytes.
 584  */
 585 void insn_get_length(struct insn *insn)
 586 {
 587         if (insn->length)
 588                 return;
 589         if (!insn->immediate.got)
 590                 insn_get_immediate(insn);
 591         insn->length = (unsigned char)((unsigned long)insn->next_byte
 592                                      - (unsigned long)insn->kaddr);
 593 }