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1 How to use the Kernel Samepage Merging feature
5 added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.32.  See mm/ksm.c for its implementation,
11 copied if a process later wants to update its content).
14 Kernel Shared Memory), to fit more virtual machines into physical memory,
15 by sharing the data common between them.  But it can be useful to any
24 has advised to be likely candidates for merging, by using the madvise(2)
27 The app may call int madvise(addr, length, MADV_UNMERGEABLE) to cancel
39 MADV_UNMERGEABLE is applied to a range which was never MADV_MERGEABLE.
47 restricting its use to areas likely to benefit.  KSM's scans may use a lot
53 pages_to_scan    - how many present pages to scan before ksmd goes to sleep
62                    When set to 0, ksm merges only pages which physically
64                    lower latency to access of shared pages. Systems with more
65                    nodes, at significant NUMA distances, are likely to benefit
67                    need to minimize memory usage, are likely to benefit from
68                    the greater sharing of setting 1 (default). You may wish to
70                    deciding on which to use. merge_across_nodes setting can be
72                    set run 2 to unmerge pages first, then to 1 after changing
73                    merge_across_nodes, to remerge according to the new setting.
76 run              - set 0 to stop ksmd from running but keep merged pages,
77                    set 1 to run ksmd e.g. "echo 1 > /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run",
78                    set 2 to stop ksmd and unmerge all pages currently merged,
80                    Default: 0 (must be changed to 1 to activate KSM,
88 pages_volatile   - how many pages changing too fast to be placed in a tree
91 A high ratio of pages_sharing to pages_shared indicates good sharing, but
92 a high ratio of pages_unshared to pages_sharing indicates wasted effort.