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8 overlay-filesystem functionality in Linux (sometimes referred to as
17 This approach is 'hybrid' because the objects that appear in the
19 cases an object accessed in the union will be indistinguishable
34 and a 'lower' filesystem. When a name exists in both filesystems, the
35 object in the 'upper' filesystem is visible while the object in the
36 'lower' filesystem is either hidden or, in the case of directories,
41 directory trees to be in the same filesystem and there is no
49 must provide valid d_type in readdir responses, so NFS is not suitable.
57 Overlaying mainly involves directories. If a given name appears in both
58 upper and lower filesystems and refers to a non-directory in either,
74 Then whenever a lookup is requested in such a merged directory, the
75 lookup is performed in each actual directory and the combined result
76 is cached in the dentry belonging to the overlay filesystem. If both
89 filesystem, an overlay filesystem needs to record in the upper filesystem
94 When a whiteout is found in the upper level of a merged directory, any
95 matching name in the lower level is ignored, and the whiteout itself
100 directory in the lower filesystem with the same name is ignored.
106 lower directories are each read and the name lists merged in the
108 exist are not re-added). This merged name list is cached in the
126 there may be little correlation between the old and new locations in
127 the list of filenames, particularly if anything has changed in the
139 appropriate. When a file in the lower filesystem is accessed in a way
150 exists in the upper filesystem - creating it and any parents as
157 provides direct access to the newly created file in the upper
197 Symlinks in /proc/PID/ and /proc/PID/fd which point to a non-directory
198 object in overlayfs will not contain valid absolute paths, only
200 fixed in the future.
203 rename will leave the filesystem in an inconsistent state. This will
204 be addressed in the future.
214 the behavior of the overlay is undefined, though it will not result in