45 	struct snd_gus_card * gus;  member
64 static void snd_gf1_pcm_block_change_ack(struct snd_gus_card * gus, void *private_data)  in snd_gf1_pcm_block_change_ack()  argument
101 	if (!snd_gf1_dma_transfer_block(pcmp->gus, &block, 0, 0))  in snd_gf1_pcm_block_change()
110 	struct snd_gus_card * gus = pcmp->gus;  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()  local
127 	rate = snd_gf1_translate_freq(gus, runtime->rate << 4);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
147 		vol = !voice ? gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left : gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_right;  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
148 		spin_lock_irqsave(&gus->reg_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
149 		snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[voice]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
150 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_PAN, pan);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
151 		snd_gf1_write16(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VW_FREQUENCY, rate);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
152 		snd_gf1_write_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_START, begin << 4, voice_ctrl & 4);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
153 		snd_gf1_write_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_END, end << 4, voice_ctrl & 4);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
154 		snd_gf1_write_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_CURRENT, curr << 4, voice_ctrl & 4);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
155 		snd_gf1_write16(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VW_VOLUME, SNDRV_GF1_MIN_VOLUME << 4);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
156 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_RATE, 0x2f);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
157 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_START, SNDRV_GF1_MIN_OFFSET);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
158 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_END, vol >> 8);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
159 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL, ramp_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
160 		if (!gus->gf1.enh_mode) {  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
161 			snd_gf1_delay(gus);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
162 			snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL, ramp_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
164 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gus->reg_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
166 	spin_lock_irqsave(&gus->reg_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
168 		snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[voice]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
169 		if (gus->gf1.enh_mode)  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
170 			snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_MODE, 0x00);	/* deactivate voice */  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
171 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_ADDRESS_CONTROL, voice_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
175 	if (!gus->gf1.enh_mode) {  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
176 		snd_gf1_delay(gus);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
178 			snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[voice]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
179 			snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_ADDRESS_CONTROL, voice_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
183 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gus->reg_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_trigger_up()
186 static void snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave(struct snd_gus_card * gus,  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()  argument
197 		snd_gf1_smart_stop_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
203 		snd_gf1_smart_stop_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
206 	gus = pcmp->gus;  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
209 	spin_lock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
210 	snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
211 	voice_ctrl = snd_gf1_read8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_ADDRESS_CONTROL) & ~0x8b;  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
212 	ramp_ctrl = (snd_gf1_read8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL) & ~0xa4) | 0x03;  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
214 	snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
216 	       (snd_gf1_read_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_CURRENT, voice_ctrl & 4) >> 4));  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
217 	snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[1]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
219 	       (snd_gf1_read_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_CURRENT, voice_ctrl & 4) >> 4));  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
220 	snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
238 		snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[idx]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
239 		snd_gf1_write_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_END, end << 4, voice_ctrl & 4);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
240 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_ADDRESS_CONTROL, voice_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
241 		snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL, ramp_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
244 	if (!gus->gf1.enh_mode) {  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
245 		snd_gf1_delay(gus);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
248 			snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[idx]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
249 			snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_ADDRESS_CONTROL, voice_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
250 			snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL, ramp_ctrl);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
254 	spin_unlock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_wave()
271 static void snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume(struct snd_gus_card * gus,  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()  argument
279 	spin_lock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
280 	snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
281 	snd_gf1_ctrl_stop(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
282 	spin_unlock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
292 	vol = !cvoice ? gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left : gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_right;  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
293 	spin_lock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
294 	snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
295 	snd_gf1_write16(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VW_VOLUME, vol);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
297 	spin_unlock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_volume()
300 static void snd_gf1_pcm_volume_change(struct snd_gus_card * gus)  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_change()  argument
304 static int snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block(struct snd_gus_card *gus, unsigned char *buf,  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()  argument
321 		if (gus->interwave) {  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
322 			spin_lock_irqsave(&gus->reg_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
323 			snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_MEMORY_CONTROL, 0x01 | (invert ? 0x08 : 0x00));  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
324 			snd_gf1_dram_addr(gus, pos);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
326 				outb(SNDRV_GF1_GW_DRAM_IO16, GUSP(gus, GF1REGSEL));  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
327 				outsw(GUSP(gus, GF1DATALOW), buf, len >> 1);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
329 				outsb(GUSP(gus, DRAM), buf, len);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
331 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gus->reg_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
339 					snd_gf1_poke(gus, pos++, *buf++);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
340 					snd_gf1_poke(gus, pos++, *buf++ ^ invert);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
344 					snd_gf1_poke(gus, pos++, *buf++ ^ invert);  in snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block()
377 		struct snd_gus_card *gus = pcmp->gus;  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_copy()  local
382 …if ((err = snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block(gus, runtime->dma_area + bpos, pcmp->memory + bpos, len, w16, in…  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_copy()
407 		struct snd_gus_card *gus = pcmp->gus;  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_silence()  local
412 …if ((err = snd_gf1_pcm_poke_block(gus, runtime->dma_area + bpos, pcmp->memory + bpos, len, w16, in…  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_silence()
421 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_params()  local
431 			snd_gf1_mem_free(&gus->gf1.mem_alloc, pcmp->memory);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_params()
434 		if ((block = snd_gf1_mem_alloc(&gus->gf1.mem_alloc,  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_params()
444 		if ((pcmp->pvoices[0] = snd_gf1_alloc_voice(pcmp->gus, SNDRV_GF1_VOICE_TYPE_PCM, 0, 0)) == NULL)  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_params()
452 		if ((pcmp->pvoices[1] = snd_gf1_alloc_voice(pcmp->gus, SNDRV_GF1_VOICE_TYPE_PCM, 0, 0)) == NULL)  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_params()
460 			snd_gf1_free_voice(pcmp->gus, pcmp->pvoices[1]);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_params()
474 		snd_gf1_free_voice(pcmp->gus, pcmp->pvoices[0]);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_free()
478 		snd_gf1_free_voice(pcmp->gus, pcmp->pvoices[1]);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_free()
482 		snd_gf1_mem_free(&pcmp->gus->gf1.mem_alloc, pcmp->memory);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_hw_free()
503 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_trigger()  local
515 		snd_gf1_stop_voices(gus, voice, voice);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_trigger()
518 			snd_gf1_stop_voices(gus, voice, voice);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_trigger()
528 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_pointer()  local
535 	spin_lock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_pointer()
537 		snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pcmp->pvoices[0]->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_pointer()
538 		voice_ctrl = snd_gf1_read8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_ADDRESS_CONTROL);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_pointer()
539 		pos = (snd_gf1_read_addr(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VA_CURRENT, voice_ctrl & 4) >> 4) - pcmp->memory;  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_pointer()
544 	spin_unlock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_pointer()
563 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()  local
565 	gus->c_dma_size = params_buffer_bytes(hw_params);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
566 	gus->c_period_size = params_period_bytes(hw_params);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
567 	gus->c_pos = 0;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
568 	gus->gf1.pcm_rcntrl_reg = 0x21;		/* IRQ at end, enable & start */  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
570 		gus->gf1.pcm_rcntrl_reg |= 2;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
571 	if (gus->gf1.dma2 > 3)  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
572 		gus->gf1.pcm_rcntrl_reg |= 4;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
574 		gus->gf1.pcm_rcntrl_reg |= 0x80;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_hw_params()
585 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_prepare()  local
588 	snd_gf1_i_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_RECORD_RATE, runtime->rate_den - 2);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_prepare()
589 	snd_gf1_i_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_REC_DMA_CONTROL, 0);	/* disable sampling */  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_prepare()
590 	snd_gf1_i_look8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_REC_DMA_CONTROL);	/* Sampling Control Register */  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_prepare()
591 	snd_dma_program(gus->gf1.dma2, runtime->dma_addr, gus->c_period_size, DMA_MODE_READ);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_prepare()
598 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger()  local
602 		val = gus->gf1.pcm_rcntrl_reg;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger()
609 	spin_lock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger()
610 	snd_gf1_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_REC_DMA_CONTROL, val);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger()
611 	snd_gf1_look8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_REC_DMA_CONTROL);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger()
612 	spin_unlock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger()
618 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_pointer()  local
619 	int pos = snd_dma_pointer(gus->gf1.dma2, gus->c_period_size);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_pointer()
620 	pos = bytes_to_frames(substream->runtime, (gus->c_pos + pos) % gus->c_dma_size);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_pointer()
624 static void snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read(struct snd_gus_card * gus)  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()  argument
626 	snd_gf1_i_write8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_REC_DMA_CONTROL, 0);	/* disable sampling */  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
627 	snd_gf1_i_look8(gus, SNDRV_GF1_GB_REC_DMA_CONTROL);	/* Sampling Control Register */  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
628 	if (gus->pcm_cap_substream != NULL) {  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
629 		snd_gf1_pcm_capture_prepare(gus->pcm_cap_substream);   in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
630 		snd_gf1_pcm_capture_trigger(gus->pcm_cap_substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
631 		gus->c_pos += gus->c_period_size;  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
632 		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(gus->pcm_cap_substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read()
680 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_open()  local
687 	pcmp->gus = gus;  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_open()
697 	       (long) pcm->playback.buffer, (long) gus->gf1.pcm_buffer);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_open()
699 	if ((err = snd_gf1_dma_init(gus)) < 0)  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_open()
704 	snd_pcm_limit_isa_dma_size(gus->gf1.dma1, &runtime->hw.buffer_bytes_max);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_open()
705 	snd_pcm_limit_isa_dma_size(gus->gf1.dma1, &runtime->hw.period_bytes_max);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_open()
712 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_close()  local
719 	snd_gf1_dma_done(gus);	  in snd_gf1_pcm_playback_close()
726 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_open()  local
728 	gus->gf1.interrupt_handler_dma_read = snd_gf1_pcm_interrupt_dma_read;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_open()
729 	gus->pcm_cap_substream = substream;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_open()
731 	snd_pcm_limit_isa_dma_size(gus->gf1.dma2, &runtime->hw.buffer_bytes_max);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_open()
732 	snd_pcm_limit_isa_dma_size(gus->gf1.dma2, &runtime->hw.period_bytes_max);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_open()
740 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_close()  local
742 	gus->pcm_cap_substream = NULL;  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_close()
743 	snd_gf1_set_default_handlers(gus, SNDRV_GF1_HANDLER_DMA_READ);  in snd_gf1_pcm_capture_close()
758 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_get()  local
761 	spin_lock_irqsave(&gus->pcm_volume_level_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_get()
762 	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left1;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_get()
763 	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_right1;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_get()
764 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gus->pcm_volume_level_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_get()
770 	struct snd_gus_card *gus = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()  local
780 	spin_lock_irqsave(&gus->pcm_volume_level_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
781 	change = val1 != gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left1 ||  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
782 	         val2 != gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_right1;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
783 	gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left1 = val1;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
784 	gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_right1 = val2;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
785 	gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left = snd_gf1_lvol_to_gvol_raw(val1 << 9) << 4;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
786 	gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_right = snd_gf1_lvol_to_gvol_raw(val2 << 9) << 4;  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
787 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gus->pcm_volume_level_lock, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
789 	spin_lock_irqsave(&gus->voice_alloc, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
791 		pvoice = &gus->gf1.voices[idx];  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
798 		spin_lock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
799 		snd_gf1_select_voice(gus, pvoice->number);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
800 		snd_gf1_ctrl_stop(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VB_VOLUME_CONTROL);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
801 …vol = pvoice == pcmp->pvoices[0] ? gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_left : gus->gf1.pcm_volume_level_righ…  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
802 		snd_gf1_write16(gus, SNDRV_GF1_VW_VOLUME, vol);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
804 		spin_unlock(&gus->reg_lock);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
806 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gus->voice_alloc, flags);  in snd_gf1_pcm_volume_put()
852 int snd_gf1_pcm_new(struct snd_gus_card *gus, int pcm_dev, int control_index)  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()  argument
860 	card = gus->card;  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
861 	capture = !gus->interwave && !gus->ess_flag && !gus->ace_flag ? 1 : 0;  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
863 			  gus->interwave ? "AMD InterWave" : "GF1",  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
865 			  gus->gf1.pcm_channels / 2,  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
870 	pcm->private_data = gus;  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
877 					      64*1024, gus->gf1.dma1 > 3 ? 128*1024 : 64*1024);  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
883 		if (gus->gf1.dma2 == gus->gf1.dma1)  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
887 					      64*1024, gus->gf1.dma2 > 3 ? 128*1024 : 64*1024);  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
890 	if (gus->interwave) {  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
891 		sprintf(pcm->name + strlen(pcm->name), " rev %c", gus->revision + 'A');  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
894 	gus->pcm = pcm;  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
896 	if (gus->codec_flag)  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
897 		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_gf1_pcm_volume_control1, gus);  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()
899 		kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_gf1_pcm_volume_control, gus);  in snd_gf1_pcm_new()